Bi-Objective Optimization for Battery Electric Bus Deployment Considering Cost and Environmental Equity

Sustainable development of the transport system has been consensus around world for past decades. Encouraged by urgent need cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, vehicle electrification advancing at an unprecedented pace. As a major component multimodal transportation system, public transit is forefront adopting battery technology into its operation. Battery Electric Bus (BEB), with superior features such as zero-emission and reduced noise, made ready commercial deployment in several years. However, it still grand challenge successfully deploy BEB given nature unique spatio-temporal characteristics BEB. This research presents bi-objective optimization model consider constraints address trade-off between environmental equity disadvantaged population capital investment. The further demonstrated using operated Utah Transit Authority (UTA) offer insights on benefits gained result deployment. Optimal plans under different budgets are provided illustrate effectiveness model. trade-offs each discussed compared. set foundation agencies develop optimal strategies systems when multiple goals be considered, allowing planners decision-makers create ecosystem that better serves livable sustainable communities.